in this paper we study the dynamics of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection under administration of a vaccine and treatment, where the disease is transmitted directly from the parents to the offspring  and also through contact with infective individuals. stability of the disease-free steady state is investigated. the basic reproductive rate, $r_0$, is derived. the results show that the dynamics of...

In this paper, we consider characterizations based on the Bhattacharyya matrices. We characterize, under certain constraint, dis tributions such as normal, compound poisson and gamma via the diago nality of the 2 X 2 Bhattacharyya matrix.